USA

The country is located in central north America.The capital city Washington DC is situated at 38¡ã53¡äN 77¡ã02¡äW. It shares its border with Canada to the north,Mexico to the south,the state of Alaska to the northwest.The state of Hawaii is an island in the mid-Pacific ocean.USA is the 3rd or 4th largest country according to total area.It is the 3rd most populated country.The U.S. economy is the largest economy in the world.

HISTORY:-In 1492 explorer Christopher Columbus,appointed by Spanish kingdom discovered the land.In 1513, Spanish conqueror Juan Ponce de Le¨®n landed on La Florida and established colonies there.Later French,England,Dutch set up their colonies in the country.In 1674,England had captured former Dutch colonies in the Anglo-Dutch Wars. New Netherland had become New York.All colonial powers supported African slavery. The Christian movement(1730s to 1740s) known as ¡®The Great Awakening¡¯ enlightened great conciousness in religious liberty.

The conflict between American colonies and British led to the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1781.On 14th june,1775 the Congress established a Continental Army under the leadership of George Washington.They Proclaimed that ¡®all men are created equal¡¯ and presented some ¡®unalienable Rights¡¯.the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on 4th july, 1776.The British force had been overthrown by the Americans with the help of the French in 1783.Between 1780 and 1804 slevary had been abolished from the northern part of the country.

America conquered the Republic of Texas in 1845.In1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control over present American Northwest.The U.S. won the Mexican-American War and in 1848 California was forced to surrender,thereby formed present Southwest America.

The Civil War(1861-65) was the result of the encounter between slave and free states. Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.But in no time seven slave states withdrew their followship from America to form Confederate States of America.the American Civil War began.U.S freed the slaves and gave them voting rights,by declaring them American citizens.

In the beginning of world war 1 in 1914 America was neutral,but later the country joined against the Central powers in 1917.In world war ll too,America remained neutral initially though after Nazi attack of Poland America began to provide weapons to the Allied forces.In 1941 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor,America officially joined the Allies against the Axis powers.The war was ended with the surrender of Japan when America threw nuclear bombs on Hiroshima,Nagasaki.

GEOGRAPHY:- The total area of the nation is 9,826,630 sq km (land: 9,161,923 sq km,water: 664,707 sq km).The coastal area(coastline 19,924 km) of the Atlantic ocean consists of forests.The Mississippi-Missouri River is the world's fourth longest river.The fertile prairie land of the Great Plains is spanned to the west. The Rocky Mountains stretch north to south across the country.The highest peak isAlaska's Mount McKinley(6,194 m).There are mane active volcanoes in the Alexander and Aleutian Islands.

CLIMATE:- Cool and mild climate is seen all over,but it differs as tropical weather is found in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains of Mississippi, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest.

GOVERNMENT:-The United states of Amarica is the oldest federation.It is a Constitutional federal presidential republic country.There are three levels of government-federal, state, and local.The local government is bound to the duties of county and municipal governments.The federal government is formed of three brances-Legislative, Executive, Judicial.voting right is universal above 18.
U.S president:George W. Bush
Vice President:Richard B Cheney
Speaker of the House:Nancy Pelosi
Chief Justice:John Roberts.

STATES:- The United States is a union of fifty states which were originated from the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule and a district-district of Columbia.

POPULATION (2007 est.):- 303,824,646

Growth rate: 0.9%
Birth rate: 14.2/1000;
Infant mortality rate: 6.4/1000
Life expectancy: 78.0
HIV/AIDS ¨C deaths:17,011 (2005 est.)
Density per sq mi: 85
Literacy rate: 97% (1979 est.)

HEALTH RISK FACTORS:-

Chronic diseases
Anaemia
Child malnutrition
Undernutrition and overweight
Access to water, sanitation
Alcohol, tobacco consumption

UNICEF:-UNICEF in US. works since 1947.US. was the first nation to support UNICEF. It works with some NGOs,individuals and some institutions to fight against AIDS,to protect children rights, and to enhance social awareness on girls¡¯ education, nutrition.UNICEF raises funds by selling cards and gifts.US ambassadors Katie Couric, Laurence Fishburne, Edward James Olmos and Sarah Jessica Parker campaign for UNICEF.

CITIES:- Largest city is New York.Other important cities are Los Angeles,Chicago, Houston,PhiladelphiaPhoenix,San Diego, San Antonio,Dallas,Detroit.

ECONOMY:- Victories in World Wars I and II and the Cold War(1991) the US became the world's most powerful nation,with vast growth in technology,economy.

Summery:-
GDP/PPP (2005 est.): $12.41 trillion; per capita $42,000.

Real growth rate: 3.5%.

Inflation: 3.2%.

Unemployment: 5%.

Arable land: 18%.

National debt: $9.365 trillion

Poverty: 12.3% or 13.3%

Agriculture: wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products.

Labor force: 149.3 million (includes unemployed); farming, forestry, and fishing 0.7%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.9%, managerial, professional, and technical 34.7%, sales and office 25.4%, other services 16.3%.

Industries: leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining.

Natural resources: coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber.

Exports: $927.5 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.): agricultural products 9.2% (soybeans, fruit, corn), industrial supplies 26.8% (organic chemicals), capital goods 49.0% (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment), consumer goods 15.0% (automobiles, medicines) (2003).

Imports: $1.727 trillion f.o.b. (2005 est.): agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2003).

Major trading partners: Canada, Mexico, Japan, UK, China, Germany (2004).

Budget: revenues: $2.568 trillion
expenditures: $2.731 trillion (2007 est.)

Public debt: 36.8% of GDP (2007 est.)

Monetary unit: dollar

LANGUAGE:- English (82%) is spoken by 214.8 million Americans while Spanish(11%) is spoken by 29.7 million.Other languages are Chinese,French,Tagalog etc.

CULTURE:-The American culture is a fusion of various cultures such as English,Dutch, German, Irish,Scottish,followed by African andAsian culture.Among sports base ball is considered as the national sport. apple pie,fried chicken,pizza,hamburgers,hot dogs are Americans¡¯s favourite dishes.Softdrinks are also very populer.USA has the biggest film industry-Hollywood in California.Walt Disney was the father of animated films.
RACE:- White: 211,460,626 (75.1%)
Black: 34,658,190 (12.3%)
Asian: 10,242,998 (3.6%)
American Indian and Alaska Native: 2,475,956 (0.9%)
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander: 398,835 (0.1%);
Other race: 15,359,073 (5.5%)
Hispanic origin:1 35,305,818 (12.5%)

RELIGION:-Protestant 52%,
Roman Catholic 24%
Mormon 2%
Jewish 1%
Muslim 1%,
None 10% (2002)